View Answers as You Go. Piaget saw moral judgment broken into two age brackets: below and above age ten. Those under age ten tended to judge wrong-doings by the amount of damage caused rather than the intention behind the act.
Hence, even though the person in answer A had the best intentions, he broke more dishes and, therefore, is seen as more wrong. Since the person stealing only knocked over one cup, it is not viewed as bad as breaking five dishes. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer. Kohlberg's stages have three levels pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional and six stages: 1.
Teens require more sleep than the average adult due to their rapid growth. A teen's decreased sleep patterns do not generally stem from defiant behavior. Teens have biorhythm changes, making them more likely to stay up late and sleep later.
They are inundated with academic and social demands which may impair the amount or quality of their sleep.
Perry believed college students go through 4 stages of mental and moral development: Dualism, Multiplicity, Relativism, and Commitment. Dualistic thinking occurs in Dualism when students believe every problem is solvable and they are to learn the right answers. Relativistic thinking is the belief that every issue must be evaluated because everything is contextual. Vygotsky believed the potential for cognitive development depended upon the ZPD, which was a level of development attained when children engage in social interactions.
When the social interaction is guided by an adult or collaborated with peers, the ZPD exceeds what one could achieve individually. Kohlberg is known for his work with moral development; Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development in children; and Erickson for his eight stages of psychosocial development.
Freud described the Oedipus Complex as a stage when a boy develops feelings of desire for his mother and has feelings of anger and jealousy toward his father. The Electra Complex is when a girl develops feelings of desire for her father and has feelings of anger and jealousy toward her mother.
Principled thought comes after moving through the 6 th stage, which Kohlberg believed few people actually reached. Cross-cultural counseling recognizes culture as fundamental and central to all counseling relationships and interactions.
In using this approach, clients will feel valued and the rapport between counselors and clients will strengthen. True - While some behaviors are innate, like the "rooting" of an infant to bring his mouth close to whatever it's near in hopes of eating, or an infant's startle reflex, when his arms outstretch with loud noises, most behaviors are learned within a cultural context.
For instance, the handshake is generally a gesture from the Western culture. A man should never extend his hand to a woman of another culture unless she extends a hand first.
Another example is that "back-slapping" someone from Asia is considered aggressive. Signaling someone from an Asian culture to follow you or directing them with your index finger, a common gesture in America, is considered rude in these cultures.
Same behavior, different cultures, which means they are learned. Study Online Instantly. Personal identity becomes more clearly defined within a cultural context. Furthermore, behaviors are measured more accurately, consequences of problems are more obvious and counseling interviews are more meaningful when held within a cultural context.
When a counselor counsels within a cultural context, the clients will be able to relate to what the counselor is saying and will be able to view themselves and self-reflect. Typically, members of each socioeconomic group share similar ideas, behaviors, and values which fits the definition of culture. Albert Bandura demonstrated this with his famous Bobo Doll Experiments. Children in the group who saw the adult treat the doll aggressively were much more aggressive in their own treatment of the doll.
Behaviorists would believe aggression is learned through conditioning. Psychodynamic followers would explain aggression as an instinct - Thanatos. The humanistic explanation is that aggression is caused by unmet needs. The pre-conscious mind contains elements from both the unconscious and the conscious minds. The unconscious mind contains hidden or forgotten memories and the conscious mind contains what is happening in the present.
According to Freud, the id is present at birth and is part of the unconscious. It is impulsive, not rational, and moves towards pleasure and away from pain. The superego sets ideal standards and guilt results when we violate them. A variable ratio schedule is when a reward occurs after an unpredictable amount of responses and typically provides a high rate of response.
A fixed ratio schedule occurs when a response is reinforced after a set number of responses. Fixed interval schedules reinforce the response only after a certain amount of time has passed.
Variable interval schedules reinforce the response after an unpredictable amount of time has gone by. In psychoanalysis, repression is when upsetting memories are kept out of the conscious mind. Throughout therapy, using free association, psychoanalysts try to help uncover repressed memories and feelings. Suppression is when a person knowingly tries not to think or feel a certain way.
Graham Wallace described the four stages of insight: preparation, incubation, flash of illumination, and verification. The term 'Aha! Moment' is also used to describe insights when things suddenly become clearer. The eclectic approach can be quite successful. Most counselors using this approach still adhere to one or two main counseling theories, but draw techniques from many different theories. A counselor using a holistic approach would consider the person as a whole body, mind, emotions, spirit rather than the separate parts when meeting with a client.
In , Joseph Pratt, a medical doctor from Boston, gathered a group of patients with tuberculosis in order to educate them. The rest are all group theorists of later years. Bion was a British psychoanalyst. Interpersonal learning, not intrapersonal learning, is a curative factor.
Interpersonal learning occurs when a person tries out new behaviors in group. Group is seen as a microcosm of the real world. Jerry is experiencing universality, when a member feels relief that they are not alone and that others share similar problems.
Instillation of hope creates a feeling of optimism, which is not mentioned. Charles Cooley first described social groups. Primary social groups share close, personal, and enduring relationships.
Secondary groups are larger than primary groups and relationships are goal oriented, impersonal, and may be temporary. Tertiary groups are sometimes called reference groups and are any group which shapes one's attitude and behavior. Risky shift phenomenon is part of social psychology and a form of group polarization. This is related to deindividuation which occurs when a person in a group loses some of their self-identity leading to a loss of restraint and self-awareness.
Bystander apathy is another term from social psychology and occurs when individuals assume that, since there are other people around, someone else has already taken action to help. Lastly, he has experienced withdrawal and uses to avoid symptoms. The Stages of Change Model was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in the 's to allow professionals to gauge a client's readiness for change to aide in treatment planning.
The best option to discuss with your supervisor would be to call for a Wellness Check. Her apparent intoxication, limited mobility, living alone and her self-report of falling with a difficulty of getting up poses a concern for her safety.
Therefore, you have an ethical responsibility to break confidentiality to ensure her safety. Consulting with your supervisor or colleague allows you the opportunity to receive feedback regarding your plan of action.
Answer a does not include a description of any impact on daily living skills. Medication regimen and recommendations is likely not in your professional scope, therefore is not appropriate for you to be changing. Through continued collaboration with his prescriber, you are able to verbalize any concerns you may have about cross addiction and misuse of the medication.
Treatment plans should be updated to reflect progress and regressions. Objectives and goals should be realistic and attainable. Collaborating with her prescriber will provide a team approach which will aide in communication. For example, if Sara were to relapse days before the injection, receiving the Vivitrol injection would induce withdrawal symptoms.
Identifying barriers and identifying skills would help Sara maintain sobriety until she is able to receive the injection. Treatment plans should be a collaboration between the counselor and the client. Goals and objectives should be realistic and align with the client's goals.
Using the Stages of Change Model can help the clinician offer appropriate goals. Attaining sobriety should be the first goal. Once that is accomplished, other consequences can be addressed appropriately.
Case management begins at a client's intake and continues throughout their treatment. The first goal of case management is to coordinate care which is appropriate for the client which can be done at the conclusion of the intake session. Once an outpatient program is completed, it is not necessary for the client to engage in an additional program.
Programs usually begin in phases which would not align with a person who has attained and maintained recovery. Providing Susan with written information gives her the opportunity to look into them should she change her mind about your recommendation.
The information provided does not provide enough evidence to be concerned about her safety and is not appropriate to contact her emergency contact. Step work is a part of AA and other similar groups which are not a part of aftercare programs.
Case management is community based. The main goal is to help the client's familiarize themselves with their community and services available. Examples would be self-help groups, church, individual resources and family resources. Scott may be inebriated, or he may be tired.
Either way, the appearance of nodding off is often triggering for other group members which means that he is not appropriate for the group at this time. Since your concern is that he may be inebriated, he should be assessed by a medical professional before going home to ensure safety.
Once you return to the group after Scott leaves, it may be necessary to process how group members were impacted after seeing Scott's presentation in group. If this is the case, keep the discussion off of Scott and on how others felt when seeing someone appear inebriated ie.
Triggered, sad, anxious, angry, etc. More times than not, this tends to have a negative impact on the group and can create some anger. Members often feel triggered by the topics and the person sharing continues to use their addictive thought processes. Should a person be glorifying in a group session, this should be addressed immediately before the negative impact intensifies. Often times in addiction, a person becomes isolated and feels as though no one can understand their situation.
Being a group setting, a client is exposed to others who have similar experiences, thoughts and feelings which can normalize a person's experience.
Group sessions also allow others to observe others being vulnerable which increase the chances of others doing the same.
Group sessions can be a place where clients can learn from each other's struggles and triumphs. Motivational Interviewing is a client centered model of counseling that works to identify what the client wants compared to what others want for them.
Motivation, or lack thereof, is a common barrier for individuals in treatment. NA refers to a Narcotics Anonymous group.
Each group follows the 12 step model, however they have individual differences. Changing the topic would be the least helpful for both Sally and other group members.
Process groups should offer a safe space for members to share about their difficulties, receive support from others and create a sense of normalization. Changing the topic would make others less likely to share about their struggles in the group. Transference often occurs when a client reminds a clinician of someone in their personal life.
The feelings transferred can be positive or negative. Should a clinician feel as though they are experiencing transference, this should be brought up in supervision to address appropriately.
Since you do not have a consent signed, you are not able to disclose that she is a client of yours. As a counselor, you are able to listen to concerns that anyone has regarding a person in active addiction. After the phone call, you should clearly document what you said as well as inform Mary of her mother's phone call.
When meeting with your supervisor, it would be best to discuss making a CPS report. Steven's mother is aware of his use of Xanax and has continued to leave her prescription in an unsecured location. The use of Xanax does cause concern for his safety and would warrant a mandated report. This scenario would warrant a mandated report as the children living with Joe are minors and unable to care for themselves. Joe reported drinking every night to the point of blacking out which means that he and his wife are no longer able to properly care for their children.
Psychoeducation about parenting would be appropriate, however the children's safety is a priority. This could be explained to the person if they wonder why they do not work with you. Remembering the limits of confidentiality would be important as well to maintain this person's privacy. The best way to protect the confidentiality of the person who passed is to not bring up the conversation yourself.
Confidentiality continues in death. It may be necessary for some members to process the death in which case it is best to keep the conversation on how they are impacted by the loss and not to focus on the person who passed. Prev Next Finish. Campaign Finance. Keystone Login. File Business Forms. Board Contacts. Page Content. Board Resources Announcements. Act 53 of Best Practices Guide. Act Information for Individuals with Criminal Convictions. Not your degree. You obviously lacking compassion towards people, I would not want to have a ruthless counselor like you to try to solve my issues even with your useless papers.
All I care is that I will be helped efficiently and humanly. I avoid you far away. This is interesting. Maybe you feel insecure in your practice and ability to help others, so you feel threatened by someone you think has less clinical and educational experience?
This is a public forum and none of you are acting like professional mental health workers. A lot of have the same education and probaly more than you. I license is just another way at be allowed to practice like when you register your business with the secretary of state. It is in purpose to fund the state to practice. Like when you open up a bar and grill you have to get a license to sell liquor. If you get the right protection of disclaimer. You are just as. As a therapist, you should also believe having a support system is a necessity.
Additionally, you should realize the need for people in some mental health capacity. No person is exempt from being depressed or anxious in their life. We must support and lift up all those who choose to dedicate themselves to the psychic care of others. We must honor both the empirical study and practice of psychology as it has evolved since the mid 19th century, as well as shamanic and folk traditions which have evolved over countless millennia.
Do you support them name calling? Did they learn to express themselves from the I while earning their therapy degree? I use myself because I agree with and practice as Lori does. Did they forget? Why did they forget? Is it because they are emotional about what was shared? If so, why are they emotional? I work among clinicians. The best way for me to help clinicians understand what I do is to practice with them what I do. As exhibited as above.
Learning happens everywhere. Nor does it mean a person without your kind of license is causing it. After Apples came Androids. After Fords came Volkswagens. After Psychologists came Clinical Social Workers. After Clinical Social Workers came Peers. After Peers came people who just want to connect and feel empowered with People who can skillfully facilitate this. Why do you feel the need to control what I do? Are you worried about my causing harm to others?
What do we have in common? Are people like me important enough to ask and find out? I think you are so …. We now have a new crop, EFT practitioners. They purport to treat ptsd, chemical dependency, anxiety, depression, and other dsm diagnoses emphasizing trauma. They are taught to practice without degrees. There are many licensed professionals who openly support non-professionals to practice with acute and chronic clientele. I am in a training seminar as i write this with a psychiatrist, who is known for reporting practitioners for his perception of them violating scope of practice, and he is supporting this activity.
Licensure and education rules and statutes are terribly enforced nationwide. While i believe this is a useful tool and approach, i am deeply concerned about non-trained non-professionals doing this. I dont practice law or medicine without a license….
And I thank you for that! I understand that Life Coaches start with what can we do moving forward, but the past always comes back until it is addressed and treated. Just a note to those people…. Experience sometimes come from direct or indirect encounters with mental health issues.
I have garnered 1k children hours, then was in an accident and was planning on moving back to NY. Does anyone else know if these hours can be transferred from state to state? Also, I have also studied, ferociously, another 12k hours, in scientific research, while recovering from my injury, so, I would not jump to conclusions so quickly about people practicing under faster licenses.
My therapist said that the Ph. D program, was just fancier letters herself. Every person is unique and there are tons of crap therapists who have completed the full enchilada.
I am interested in helping women over come injuries, as that is what I have survived, so, it would be very niche and I only know of one therapist doing this, and she costs a fortune and is lousy and has done nothing to raise awareness about these man-made diseases that put women in the ground.
I looked into life coaching and could not stand the way they spoke, etc I am one of the few students who passed the neuropsych test Ph. D eval course in my cohort. I watched the life coach video and it was so remedial, that I could not take it. Any advice? Sounds more bitter than professional, maybe a self check on your own thoughts and answering before you are quick to throw an insult may help. I did attend school for many years and realized my own experiences have helped people find what they need.
Maybe you have the education but simply learned nothing. Seems that the degree herd is triggered. Live and let live. Perhaps there was no time in the rush to get your degrees to do personal work which is evidenced by the anger, rudeness, and jealousy here on this thread. You are as good as the personal work you have done.
Education is important to a certain degree, but personal work, training, etc. AND it is not the same as a friend having heart surgery and then being able to practice as a cardiologist. Unlicensed counselors typically do not qualify for malpractice coverage. In the event they are have to defend against a lawsuit resulting from their lack of experience and training, they will not have legal or financial protection. On the other end of all this I have just moved from the UK, having been a professional counselor for nearly 20 years, with lots of experiences and qualifications but are unable to practice here.
I would love to find a way to use my skills here, but not sure how. I would love to know if you have made any progress on being able to practice and how you achieved it. Dear Ms. Mann, you having been trained in the U. I have been an Ordained Byzantine Catholic Clergy for over 20 years. I finally completed another Ph. I was told long ago, that the universities were I obtained my Ph. But their Psychology programs had not achieve APA accreditation. So I simply provide Counseling as a Licensed Clergy!!
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